maturity indices of cowpea

Optimum fruit maturity is crucial for maintaining high total soluble sugar (TSS) content, good colour and overall fruit quality. Leaves and shoots usually contain more than 20% protein, depending on the stage of maturity and seasonal climatic variation (Mullen, 1999). Studies show that companies realize the high potential of Industrie 4.0. Attainment of the final plastochron index was considered as a point of completion of a vegetative phase. The maturity method, often simply referred to as maturity, is a way of evaluating new concrete’s in-place strength by relating time and temperature measurements to actual strength values. maturity (72.67) and pod weight (2.77g)(Iyanomo location). Apple Maturity Indices. All the data were subjected to ANOVA using PROC GLM procedure in SAS (v 9.3). Variation in the performance of contrasting maturity class of cowpea cultivars (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) in the derived Savanna . The maturity groupings of cowpea genotypes were determined according to Singh et al. Title. extended by warm and moist conditions, leading to asynchronous maturity. (1997) as follows: early maturing for genotypes mature in 60– 75 days, medium maturing for genotypes mature in 75–90 days, and late maturing for genotypes mature in 90–120 days. Fruits will be ready for picking in about 110 days depending upon variety. One of the ecosystem parameters used in biomonitoring is the Maturity Index (Bongers, 1990). During pomegranate fruit development, advancing maturity stages correspond to a number of coordinated physiological, biochemical, and structural processes that result in changes in size, colour and flavour, ultimately making the fruit desirable for consumption. 4 shows a determinate type cowpea cultivated under irrigation. A. Physiological maturity: It refers to the stage in the development of the fruits and vegetables when maximum growth and maturation has occurred. Agronomic evaluation of cowpea cultivars developed for the West African Savannas A.Y. Research Topic: Maturity index Literature. Fig. Time to flowering and maturity is an important adaptive feature in annual crops, including cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.). ; 2n = 2x = 22) is an important legume crop which is widely grown under low input production systems and in arid and semi-arid agro-ecologies of the world. The attainment of each development stage promises concrete additional benefits for manufacturing companies. Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., 2n = 2x = 22] is a relatively low cost source of plant-derived protein, amino acids and essential nutrients globally.It is the main food staple supporting millions of people in sub-Sahara Africa (SSA) [1, 2].The grain protein content of cowpea is about 250 mg/g [], which is comparable to that of soybeans []. In ANOVA, varieties, date of sowing and year effect is considered as fixed factors and replication as random factor. 1 Biomolecule Reports- An International eNewsletter BR/12/17/08 Assessment of maturity indices in vegetables Md. Fruit skin or flesh color changes as the fruit matures or ripens. Twenty-eight cowpea genotypes were evaluated in a randomised complete block design with three replications and parameters such as days to maturity, yield and protein content were quantified. Article. Assessment of maturity indices in vegetavles by MD. Cowpea provides a high quality forage, rich in protein (14-24% DM). It is usually associated with full ripening in the fruits. Early-sown crops tend to have elon-gated internodes, are less erect, more vegetative and have a lower yield than those sown at the optimum time. Maturity indices of different horticultural crops Maturity index of different horticultural crops Maturity indices of different fruit and vegetable crops Maturity indices are the sign or indication the readiness of the commodity for harvest. Cowpea is an important crop for subsistence farmers in arid regions of Africa, Asia, and South America. Document Type . A field experiment was conducted during rainyseasons (July to October) of 2010 and 2011 to determine the thermal indices for fodder cowpea varieties at Central Research Farm, ICAR-IGFRI, Jhansi. An observation of the mean values and ranges for days to 50% flowering and 50% maturity further indicated that there was no wide range of variation in the expression of the Results revealed significant (P < 0.05) differences among cowpea genotypes for all the traits measured. 2006). Frank J. Messina, Utah State University Follow. Gardeners in the west, where moisture is of a premium and the heat devastates many vegetables, should consider growing the cowpea. Influence of Cowpea Pod Maturity on the Oviposition Choices and Larval Survival of a Bruchid Beetle Callosobruchus maculatus. It has been reported that the length of the reproductive period in cowpea is very variable (Madamba et al. Types of maturity. Ramjan1 * A. K. Pandey1 and T. Angami1 1 College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat-791102 Arunachal Pradesh *Email: mohammadramjan165@gmail.com Introduction Identifying the … Featuring updated text and illustrations, it describes the concept of the acatech Industrie 4.0 Maturity Index, which provides companies with guidance for their own individual transformation process. In West and Central Africa, photoperiod is the most important environmental variable affecting time to flowering in cowpea. BibTex ; Full citation; Publisher: African Journals Online (AJOL) Year: 2017. It would be one of the few vegetables that wouldn't have to be babied just to get a harvest. This is called full slip stage. These indices are based on the changes that occur during the development of the fruit or vegetable. To expedite schedules, increase safety, and improve construction methods, construction teams want to know the strength of their concrete at the job site in real time. With the assessment companies are assisted by an individual roadmap to build their own Industrie 4.0 roadmap. Cowpea is a highly nutritious, multi-purpose crop, used as a leafy vegetable and grain legume with potential to contribute to food security in marginal areas. African American gardeners who would like to grow crops that … Maturity is viewed as natural phenomenon in plant biology, it is generally considered as stage of development, where plant is super imposed and capable of shifting from vegetative to reproductive stage. Authors. Varieties with shorter maturity dates are available for gardeners with a less lengthy summer. Both subjective and objective indices are available for use in different fruits and cultivars and include: (i) Fruit Color. Okeleye and S.G. Aderibigbe. Maturity indices. maturity index (MI), the following steps were per-formed: i) each measured property was standardized obtaining a Z score, ii) each standardized property for each pile, and for all treatments together, was re-gressed against time. It has been widely reported to be drought tolerant. Soremi, K.A. By O.S. Maturity Signs of Muskmelon: 1. Finally, the monetary advantage index (MAI = 922.92) and PCA had determined that intercrop with Mudishi 3-soybean as an economic efficiency intercrop than others mixtures. JJC tracks an index consisting of a single copper futures contract at a time. USU Home A-Z Index. There are two groups of cultivars which behave distinctly. The population under study completed a vegetative phase within 50 d and exhibited flower initiation in 55 d. The gap between completion of the vegetative phase and flower initiation indicated the prevalence of juvenility in cowpea. It is predominantly a self-fertilizing crop. Among the cultivated crop plants, the cowpea is one of the most variable species in terms of its plant growth, morphology, maturity and grain1 types (Singh, 2014). Thus, the index of association (IA) informed that the negative values of the different intercrops were due to the maize price (1000 CDF∙kg−1) and legumes price (1500 CDF∙kg−1). Efforts to develop cultivars with improved productivity under drought conditions are constrained by lack of molecular markers associated with drought tolerance. (Van Rij, N., 1999) Fig. The presence of nodular bacteria specific to cowpea (Bradyrhizobium spp. Ramajn 1. It is the basis for determining harvest date. DOI identifier: 10.4314/as.v15i2.6. Target of the project is an Industrie 4.0 maturity index which enables companies to assess their actual status of Industrie 4.0. Cite . The acatech Industrie 4.0 Maturity Index is a six-stage maturity model that analyses the capabilities in the areas of resources, information systems, culture and organisational structure that are required by companies operating in a digitalised industrial environment. The opti-mum sowing times are December to January. Sakariyawo, P.A.S. There has been a marked increase in the use of nematodes in environmental studies. Home; About; Author Gallery; Contact Us < Previous; Next > Home > Departments > Biology > BIOLOGY_FACPUB > 947. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) is an important legume, especially in the hot, dry tropics and subtropics of sub-Saharan Africa. Analyses of the nematode community allow easy detection of changes in the decomposition pathways and soil functioning at an early phase. Mean hundred seed weight was recorded for each plot. Early tree training, annual pruning, proper fertilization, and sound pest management can greatly affect tree vigor and, thus, fruit condition. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. Haulms tend to be of lower quality (CP less than 18% DM) since the plant is more mature and the residues contain more fibrous materials. COWPEA: Post-Harvest Operations Organisation: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy ... the shorter the maturity period. Fruits of this age show a very distinct abscission suture between the peduncle and pedicel. When tapped, the fruit emits a follow sound. with cowpea and soybean. 4. The obvious first step in marketing a high-quality product is to grow a high-quality product. Maturity indices have been developed to determine harvest time for several fruits and vegetables. The cowpea has a long taproot and adaptation mechanisms such as turning the leaves upwards to prevent them from becoming too hot and closing the stomata that help give it drought tolerance. I4.0 Maturity Index Industry 4.0 Maturity Index. Results of a four year study on maturity indices for durian conducted at the Davao National Crop Research and Development Center [Philippines] revealed that durian fruits could be harvested 108 days from flower opening. Maturity Indices in Horticultural Produce During growth and development of plants there are various stages through which series of events occur which are distinct in each stages. PDF | On Jul 14, 2018, Amit Khanal published Maturity indices of fruits and vegetable.pptx | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate In one group, the fruits when mature slips out easily from the vine with little pressure or jerk or if not it will remain separated from the vine next day. Biology Faculty Publications . 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