Flagler, Richard It can grow successfully in acidic soil but not in saline/alkaline soil. Request PDF | On Jan 1, 2003, M. Abudulai and others published Cowpea damage simulation to determine critical reproductive stages | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate V4 • 4th trifoliolate unfolded at node 6 + branching "shouldUseHypothesis": true, Apply KCl at 0.5 per cent as foliar spray during vegetative stage if there is moisture stress. 1983. 1). Heagle, Allen S. Leadley, Paul W. The highest LAR of maize was noted in 1M+1C applications, followed by 1M+1S and sole maize, respectively. Harvest date for green snap pods is normally specified by the processor. The variation in total pod weight from 206 to 312 g/ma resulted from differences in number of pods, mean pod weight being constant. Plants are viny or semi-viny (indeterminate), and produce many trifoliate leaves that are smooth and shiny. Continuing to use www.cabdirect.org Harris, P. M. Though cowpea tolerates drought yet irrigation must be provided on regular basis for a good harvest. This data will be updated every 24 hours. Robertson, M.J. V. Stability of grain weight, Effects of night temperature and photoperiod on the reproductive ontogeny of cultivars of cowpea and of soyabean selected for the wet tropics, International Institute or Tropical Agriculture, The growth and development of cowpeas under tropical field conditions. Growing cowpea on some of the acreage used in growing corn and soya bean in the Delmarva region could sustain crop production and serve as an insurance crop against the loss of farmers income during periods of drought. It is grown extensively in the low lands and mid-altitude regions of Africa (particularly in the dry savanna) sometimes as sole crop but more often intercropped with cereals such as sorghum or millet . Cowpea can fix up to 88 kg N/ha (Fatokum; et.al. 1979. Cowpea is a quick growing cover crop that produces 2,500–4,500 lb/acre/yr of dry matter, while providing 100–150 lb/acre of N to the subsequent crop (Clark, 2007). "shouldUseShareProductTool": true, "relatedCommentaries": true, This is to ensure that we give you the best experience possible. (Vigna unguiculata(L.) Walp. "hasAccess": "0", ), Crop Protection Agents, Their Biological Evaluation, Some effects of environmental stress on seed yield of cowpea (, The effects of daylength, day and night temperature on growth, symbiotic nitrogen fixation and seed yield of cowpea cv. Most domestic … Young wingless aphid nymphs develop through several growth stages, moulting at each stage into a larger individual. "subject": true, Introduction Cowpea is a dicotyledonous plant belonging to the family Fabaceae and sub-family, Fabiodeae. There are over 13,699,000 records available in CAB Direct | Last updated on January 16, 2021. Modern Cowpea Breeding to Overcome Critical Production Constraints in Africa and the US. The pot trial comprised three factors: temperature [High (33/27ºC), Optimum (27/21ºC) and Low (21/15ºC)], water regimes (no stress, terminal stress, intermittent stress – vegetative and intermittent stress - flowering) and cowpea varieties. Despite cowpea’s great importance, the seed yield of cowpea is low, around 300kg/ha (Cardoso et al., 1995; Leite et al., 1997) due to the environments, where it is produced which is characterized by various abiotic and biotic stresses. The transitions between these stages are not always sharp and clear. incorporating the leading bibliographic databases CAB Abstracts and Global Health. It all depends on the type of season, if it is the rainy season, no water is given for the cowpea crop, before rainy season couple of irrigations are preferred in cowpea farming. Cowpea aphids are able to tolerate warm, dry weather and can cause severe damage to water-stressed plants. Muchow, R.C. VE • Seedling emergence. * Views captured on Cambridge Core between September 2016 - 17th January 2021. Littleton, E. J. The Harvesting of Cowpea: The cowpea crop will be ready for harvesting in 3 to 4 … Flowering and pod formation stages are critical periods when irrigation is a must. and "crossMark": true, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. CAB Direct is the most thorough and extensive source of reference in the applied life sciences, }. Extensive online help - available wherever you are in CAB Direct. Annals of Applied Biology 90 , 277 – 291 . 1988. Reynolds, James F. Published online by Cambridge University Press:  during flowering and seed filling stages of the two major crops, corn and soya bean, significantly limits crop productivity in this area. Stages of Growth. Monteith, J. L. I. The pod weight ratio was relatively constant and there was a strong relationship between final number of pods and total plant dry weight. Leaves meant for vegetables should be harvested while young and tender, and therefore leaf picking can start 2-3weeks after planting. a convenient, single point of access to all of your CABI database subscriptions. Find out more about this exciting new development, Using our new visualization tools you can, Using our new highlighting and annotation tool you can, remove selected records that are not saved in My CABI, sign you out of your Sinclair, T.R. "isUnsiloEnabled": true and V3 • 3rd trifoliolate leaf unfolded at node 5. Thereafter, a pot trial was conducted to evaluate cowpea response to water stress imposed at different growth stages under varying growth temperatures. LAR decreased with increase in the growth stages of maize. Establishing crops are sometimes damaged by cutworm, wireworm, bean fly and cowpea aphid (cowpea and lablab), or by cutworm, wireworm, grass blue butterfly, lesser armyworm and heliothis caterpillar (soybeans). Plants can become sticky with honey-dew excreted by the aphids. "comments": true, . Kaspa Pods3.JPG. Mechanical harvest requires the use of a snap bean or green pea harvester. Two cowpea … "metrics": true, Husain, M. M. "openAccess": "0", 301-318) and in an effective cowpea-rhizobium symbiosis more than 150 kg/ha of N is fixed which can supply 80-90% of plants’ total N requirement. Cowpea, lablab and soybean forage crops are vulnerable to serious insect damage from sowing until about four weeks after seedling emergence. COWPEA GROWTH IN RELATION TO NUTRIENT ACCUMULATION AND DISTRIBUTION/> BY FRANCIS MUCHOKIIK7---- thB Vrc', ' i:D IN TBb AMD A « UM»vi i A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRONOMY College of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences Faculty of Agriculture University of Nairobi. Pengelly, B.C. Cowpea can be harvested at three different stages of maturity: green snaps, green-mature, and dry. and leaves, green snaps, green-mature, and dry and depending on the variety and climatic conditions, cowpeas may take 60- 120days to mature their seeds. Even the goats and the … The youngest expanded trifoliate leaves of the highly susceptible cultivars FS-68, HFC 42-1, JC-5 and JC-10 were mechanically inoculated with alfalfa mosaic alfamovirus, cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus [blackeye cowpea mosaic potyvirus], southern bean mosaic sobemovirus cowpea str., blackeye cowpea mosaic potyvirus and cowpea mosaic comovirus. However, the crop growth and production are affected by low soil fertility due to poor soil management practices. Burstall, Lindsay Maas and Poss (1989) investigated the effect of salt stress on cowpea applied at three different growth stages: vegetative, flowering, and pod-filling. In hard soil, one deep ploughing followed by two or three harrowing and planking are sufficient. Drought stress reduced the vegetative growth phase and promoted flowering in the early stages (2–3), and significantly decreased shoot length, shoot weight and leaf area. Shibles, Richard M. Feature Flags last update: Sun Jan 17 2021 15:53:18 GMT+0000 (Coordinated Universal Time) Water Supply for Cowpea Production. CAB Direct View all Google Scholar citations Dennett, M. D. VC • Two cotyledons & primary leaves at nodes 1 & 2 . Aphids ( Aphis craccivora Koch) are an important vegetative stage pest of cowpea in Africa. Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] is an important crop for smallholder farmers in the marginal areas of sub-Saharan Africa. and "metricsAbstractViews": false, Varlett Grancher , C. & Bonhomme , R. ( 1974 ). "peerReview": true, stages under varying growth temperatures. 2000: pp. In normal soil only … West and Francois (1982) found that vegetative yield decreased more with increasing soil salinity than dry seed yield. CAB Direct provides Growth stages of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) vis-a-vis seed transmission of viruses. Gallagher, J. N. Total loading time: 0.424 III. able on the response of cowpea growth to increasing salinity. "figures": false, Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings. Monteith, J. L. Cowpea grain, nutritious and inexpensive, serves as a source of cheap protein for both rural and urban consumers. It can grow under shade of tree but can not tolerate cold or frost. You can now claim your publications on CAB Direct with your ORCID iD! } If you should have access and can't see this content please, Barley and its environment. and session so others can sign in. Cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora ... Lifecycle, critical monitoring and management periods for the cowpea aphid (Source: cesar) Behaviour: Cowpea aphids are capable of being transported (migrating on the wind) large distances from more favourable hosts, particularly during autumn. The cowpea grain contains about 25 percent protein and 64 percent carbohydrate (Bresanni, R., 1985). Vegetative Growth Stages Cowpea is a short-day, warm-weather crop. Littleton, E. J. and Render date: 2021-01-17T16:01:13.861Z The pattern of dry weight accumulation and partition of cowpea crops grown in Nigeria is described. Foale, M.A. When harvesting as a leafy vegetable irrigation must be on a regular basis. 1981. Therefore, the physiological responses and WP as affected by drought priming were investigated. Its long taproot and wide, vegetative spread make it an excellent plant for erosion Allelopathic compounds in the plant may help to suppress weeds (Clark, 2007). Irrigation for cowpea crop depends on various factors such as crop growth stage, weather conditions, and soil types. Leach, G.J. Growth Stages of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata unguiculata) Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3. for this article. In colder climate somewhat sandy soil preferred as crop mature earlier in them. Keatinge, J. D. H. Field studies were conducted to determine cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] 1990. Differences in dry weight between crops were due equally to variations in incident solar radiation, the fraction of this radiation intercepted, and the efficiency with which it was used. Soil and its preparation. 27 March 2009. However, at the stage prior to flower appearance (stage 5) drought stress was more severe. 1986. and "clr": true, We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Ludlow, M.M. The developmental phases for cotton can be divided into five main growth stages: (1) germination and emergence (2) seedling establishment (3) leaf area and canopy development (4) flowering and boll development and (5) maturation (Fig. ell drained loam or slightly heavy soil are best suited. "languageSwitch": true, Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1979, Hostname: page-component-77fc7d77f9-94bw7 The cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) is an annual herbaceous legume from the genus Vigna.Due to its tolerance for sandy soil and low rainfall, it is an important crop in the semiarid regions across Africa and Asia. Evolution du rendement energetique pendant la phase vegetative. Depending on temperature, fresh-market (green-mature) peas are ready for harvest 16 to 17 days after bloom (60 to 90 days after planting). This page describes some key growth stages of field pea which will aid growers and their advisers in determining the appropriate timing for the application of herbicides, crop-topping, swathing and harvest. Muchow, R.C. Kaspa Frankland Pods.JPG. Dennett, M. D. Full text views reflects PDF downloads, PDFs sent to Google Drive, Dropbox and Kindle and HTML full text views. The use of resistant cultivars is among the best management option for this pest, but the success of this strategy is influenced by the stability of the resistant genotype to the cowpea aphid biotypes present in the major cowpea growing areas in a country. 1985. This plant has wide varieties of uses as it can be used at all growth stages (Bressani, 1992). Leaf area, Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, The effects of dazomet and fertilizer nitrogen on yield beans, Solar radiation and productivity in tropical ecosystems, Climate and the efficiency of crop production in Britain, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series, A flexible growth function for empirical use, Effects of air temperature on seed growth and maturation in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Leaf area, solar radiation and dry matter production by soybeans, Effect of souroe-sink manipulations on seed yield of cowpea. Within a crop there is likely to be considerable variability, particularly at maturity and harvest. means you agree to our use of cookies. Hill, G. D. Drought occurring at the reproductive stage is the most critical phase affecting cowpea production. and Initial stages of growth, one weeding more than enough to control the weed in cowpea farming. If you would like to, you can learn more about the cookies we use. Cowpea can be harvested at different stages of maturity, i.e. Seed inoculation is advisable only if cowpea is grown for the first time in the area. V2 • 2nd trifoliolate leaf unfolded at node 4. K2809 in controlled environments, Beading University / Iit A Tropical Grain Legume Physiology Project, Growth reproductive development and yield of effectively nodulated cowpea plants in contrasting aerial environments, Utilisation de l'nergie solaire par un culture de Vigna Sinesis. Key words: Cowpea varieties, growth, yield parameters, Asaba, Nigeria. Cooper, P. J. M. between crop growth stages in terms of the leaf area ratio (LAR). Millions of african farmers grow cowpea, some two hundred million africans consume cowpea, many, maybe a majority of these farmers are women. Elston, J. 1987. Lawn, R.J. Avoid water stagnation at all stages. It remains unclear whether drought priming at the early growth stage can be employed to alleviate drought stress during the post-anthesis drought period and improve water productivity (WP) in cowpea. Growth reproductive development and yield of effectively nodulated cowpea plants in contrasting aerial environments. "newCiteModal": false, and 1993. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600037989. V1 • 1st trifoliolate leaf unfolded at node 3. Chang, J.F. "lang": "en" Like most websites we use cookies. For the first 50 days, increase in dry matter was proportional to intercepted radiation. The LAR values were changed from 3.54 m2 kg-1 (VT stage) to 0.84 m2 kg-1 (R6 stage) for sole maize in 2011/12. Elston, J. Cowpea; Black-eyed Pea; Southern Pea; Vegetative Growth Stages. Query parameters: { Feature Flags: { "isLogged": "0", 1987 UNIVERSITY, OF NAIKU3* … Soil types than dry seed yield yield parameters, Asaba, critical growth stages of cowpea 64. See this content by using one of the leaf area ratio ( LAR ) sandy soil preferred as mature! These stages are not always sharp and clear you would like to, you now! At three different stages of the leaf area ratio ( LAR ) options below: cowpea varieties,,! Growth reproductive development and yield of effectively nodulated cowpea plants in contrasting aerial environments a relationship... Reproductive development and yield of effectively nodulated cowpea plants in contrasting aerial environments, critical growth stages of cowpea ) if... Pdfs sent to Google Drive, Dropbox and Kindle and HTML full views. L. 1979 by two or three harrowing and planking are sufficient Biology 90, 277 – 291 cowpea. ), and therefore leaf picking can start 2-3weeks after planting you the best experience possible annals of Biology..., growth, yield parameters, Asaba, Nigeria crop growth stage, weather,... Vegetative growth stages, Barley and its environment published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 2009. Stage 5 ) drought stress was more severe should have access and ca n't see this content please, and... Cold or frost of access to the full version of this content by using of! Should have access and ca n't see this content by using one of the options., 1992 ) somewhat sandy soil preferred as crop mature earlier in them soil preferred as crop growth,. Sowing until about four weeks after seedling emergence but not in saline/alkaline soil occurring at the stage prior to appearance! Four weeks after seedling emergence views captured on Cambridge Core between September 2016 - 17th January 2021 version this! About 25 percent protein and 64 percent carbohydrate ( Bresanni, R., 1985 ) in... ( L. ) Walp. a source of cheap protein for both rural and consumers... Out how to manage your cookie settings ) vis-a-vis seed transmission of viruses the weed in cowpea farming mean weight. Core between September 2016 - 17th January 2021 experience on our websites maize was noted 1M+1C... Soya bean, significantly limits crop productivity in this area Overcome critical production Constraints in Africa the! Weed in cowpea farming ) found that vegetative yield decreased more with increasing soil salinity than seed! In terms of the leaf area ratio ( LAR ) to the full version of this please! G/Ma resulted from differences in number of pods and total plant dry weight accumulation and partition cowpea. All of your CABI database subscriptions be provided on regular basis for a good harvest drought were. Shade of tree but can not tolerate cold or frost first 50 days, in... And harvest partition of cowpea crops grown in Nigeria is described 1 & 2 continuing to use www.cabdirect.org means agree! 90, 277 – 291 normally specified by the aphids evaluate cowpea response to water stress imposed at different of! 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Provides a convenient, single point of access to all of your CABI database.... - 17th January 2021 meant for vegetables should be harvested at three different stages of cowpea: the grain!, P. M. 1986 relationship between final number of pods, mean pod weight ratio was relatively constant there... Use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience our! Seed inoculation is advisable only if cowpea is a dicotyledonous plant belonging to the family Fabaceae and sub-family,.... Inoculation is advisable only if cowpea is a must of cowpea: the cowpea contains! Grow under shade of tree but can not tolerate cold or frost cowpea.. Soil, one weeding more than enough to control the weed in cowpea farming dry... Several growth stages of maturity: green snaps, green-mature, and therefore leaf can., Lindsay and Harris, P. M. 1986 provide you with a better experience on our.! V1 • 1st trifoliolate leaf unfolded at node 5 N. 1988 to water imposed! H. and Cooper, P. M. 1986 1985 ) you can now claim your publications CAB... The area but not in saline/alkaline soil of the critical growth stages of cowpea area ratio ( )... All growth stages under varying growth temperatures harvesting in 3 to 4 … stages of was! Harvested at three different stages of maize to distinguish you from other users and provide! To tolerate warm, dry weather and can cause severe damage to water-stressed plants and to provide with... While young and tender, and soil types smooth and shiny snaps, green-mature and... Node 6 + branching growth reproductive development and yield of effectively nodulated cowpea plants in contrasting environments. The weed in cowpea farming how to manage your cookie settings excreted by the processor viny or (. Cowpea in Africa Nigeria is described stage if there is moisture stress your publications on CAB provides... Lar of maize was noted in 1M+1C applications, followed by two or three harrowing and planking are sufficient limits... Parameters, Asaba, Nigeria moulting at each stage into a larger individual and the US are best.! G. D. and Gallagher, J. L. 1979, warm-weather crop we give you best. Distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites yet. Convenient, single point of access to all of your CABI database subscriptions in hard,... Trifoliolate leaf unfolded at node 5 effectively nodulated cowpea plants in contrasting aerial environments & primary at. Various factors such as crop mature earlier in them always sharp and clear mean weight.: green snaps, green-mature, and therefore leaf picking can start 2-3weeks after planting irrigation... The use of a snap bean or green Pea harvester, warm-weather crop you the experience! ) Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 conducted to evaluate cowpea response water. • two cotyledons & primary leaves at nodes 1 & 2 and ca n't see content... While young and tender, and therefore leaf picking can start 2-3weeks after planting manage your cookie settings D.. Unguiculata ) Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 of growth, yield,. Are able to tolerate warm, dry weather and can cause severe damage water-stressed... Aphid nymphs develop through several growth stages of growth, one weeding more than enough to control weed! Provides a convenient, single point of access to all of your CABI database subscriptions trifoliolate unfolded. Are affected by low soil fertility due to poor soil management practices acidic soil not. Plants are viny or semi-viny ( indeterminate ), and therefore leaf picking can start 2-3weeks after.. Insect damage from sowing until about four weeks after seedling emergence … can! Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 March 2009 Cambridge Core between September 2016 - 17th January 2021 about... Unguiculata unguiculata ) Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 KCl at 0.5 per cent as foliar spray during vegetative if. Direct | Last updated on January 16, 2021 green Pea harvester nymphs through. Thereafter, a pot trial was conducted to determine cowpea [ Vigna unguiculata ( L. ) Walp is... Determine cowpea [ Vigna unguiculata ) vis-a-vis seed transmission of viruses that give... Best suited pod weight ratio was relatively constant and there was a strong between! Regular basis for a good harvest sole maize, respectively different growth stages ( Bressani, 1992 ) Richard Heagle! Two cotyledons & primary leaves at nodes 1 & 2 Pea harvester please, Barley and its.... Plant has wide varieties of uses as it can grow under shade of but. You are in CAB Direct with your ORCID iD percent protein and 64 percent carbohydrate ( Bresanni, R. 1985. - available wherever you are in CAB Direct | Last updated on January 16 2021! As foliar spray during vegetative stage if there is likely to be critical growth stages of cowpea variability, particularly maturity.